NUCORs History and Development

NUCORs History and Development Introduction NUCOR is one of the largest steel companies in America. It has been in existence since 1955 when after a merger, the REO Motor Company changed to Nuclear Corporation of America. NUCOR’s founding father is Ransom Olds. The company has evolved a lot over its existence. It has been through tough times and survived. This case study looks into NUCOR’s history and development, then analyzes its internal and external environment and finally ends with recommendations.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on NUCOR’s History and Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nuclear Corporation of America practised growth by acquisition of strategic businesses. However, in the beginning, this strategy failed miserably and the company made huge losses. The turnaround came in 1966 when NUCOR hired a new CEO, Ken Iverson. This visionary leader would transform the company’s fortunes thus leading it to success. Ken Iverson studied Aeronautical Engineering. He then worked for different metal companies. This gave him a lot of knowledge and skills that would come in handy in his job as NUCOR’s CEO. Iverson first encountered NUCOR when the company tried to buy a metal company where he worked. This bid failed. NUCOR hired Iverson to find them suitable metal companies to purchase. When he found Vulcraft, NUCOR bought it on condition that Iverson would run it. He agreed. By the time he was appointed CEO, Vulcraft was the only profitable division of the almost bankrupt conglomerate. Iverson had a great task ahead. Iverson loved technological leadership. He led the company to open its first mini-mill in South Carolina. This was the beginning of the company’s success. The mini-mills were created to serve NUCOR’s other divisions. However, on realizing that other companies needed their services, NUCOR expanded to provide services to them too. Iverson continued to g row NUCOR by strategic acquisition and technological leadership too. Nucor’s Strengths This company has several great internal traits that enabled it to survive its 54 years in operation. The first major strength is its leadership. Ken Iverson led the company for 30 years. Iverson had the necessary technical competence and vast experience to lead a great steel company. He also believed greatly in decentralization, which gave divisional managers enough autonomy to run their divisions successfully. The organizational structure with few layers of management and less bureaucracy was motivating to NUCOR’s people. The second strength was NUCOR’s highly productive workforce. The company motivated its workers by implementing bonus pay schemes that saw them earn much more than their counterparts in similar jobs. NUCOR also avoided laying off its workers even during difficult times. Instead, it froze their wages and reduced the Executive’s wage. Iverson and his tea m also engaged the workers in conversation and kept them well informed about the company’s performance. WAdvertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More hen the company made profits, everyone benefitted from the profit sharing scheme. In return, NUCOR’s employees remained loyal and produced more than average. All workers’ children were also included in the education scheme. They also remained non- union for a very long time. After all, there were rarely industrial disputes between employer and employee. The third strength is technology. Iverson made a deliberate effort to keep NUCOR at the frontline of new steel technology. He sought and acquired rights to innovative ways of manufacturing. These methods went a long way in reducing cost. NUCOR also had the best inventory management system in its time. The cost savings the company created were passed on to its consumers in form of reduced price. This helped NUCOR to beat its competitors in a market with a homogenous product with no aesthetic value. The company’s factories are also located close to their major customers. This makes it easy to form strategic partnerships. NUCOR had several offshore joint ventures that enhanced its performance. The most significant of these is Yamato Kogyo, a Japanese firm. This venture increased NUCOR’s technological leadership as it entered the Beaming business. NUCOR started to manufacture wide flange beams. The company also practised backward integration of its supply chain; ensuring raw materials were available when needed. When building its plants, NUCOR considered its major customers. It left enough space for such customers to locate near it. This also reduced transport costs. Nucor’s Weaknesses Weaknesses are internal problems that can result in a company’s failure. Though successful, NUCOR has several identifiable we aknesses. First, most of the company’s plants are located in America. This is a weakness because America is a high-wage country. This means that NUCOR absorbs the cost of this expensive labour into its selling price. Having a high selling price reduces its competitiveness against cheaper offshore imports from countries such as China. NUCOR’s second weakness is the failure to research internally. This means that in order for the company to develop, it must depend on strategic acquisitions and external partners. This is quite risky. Supposing these partners fail to innovate, NUCOR will be stuck in a rut. External cost of Research and Development is also likely to be much higher than if the company carried out its own research internally.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on NUCOR’s History and Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company is highly decentralized, running the different d ivisions like different businesses all together. This is a weakness because it promotes inefficiency and duplication of efforts. The case study indicates that sometimes as many as six different sales people of the company would visit the same client. This is a huge waste of resources and reflects the company poorly before customers. It shows lack of synergy. Sensitive customers may even get irritated and fail to purchase from NUCOR all together. This will reduce income and profits too. Opportunities NUCOR’s major opportunity lies in becoming a globalized company. It can no longer depend on the American market as its only source of revenue. Lately, the demand for steel in this market has slowed down. This has affected negatively on NUCOR’s revenues and profits. However, there is a huge untapped market for steel in Asia and Africa. This is because developing nations still require a lot of steel for infrastructure construction. NUCOR needs to take advantage of this opport unity and enter these markets. These markets are not as saturated as the American market. This will help it to continue on its growth path. This company has a chance to begin carrying out internal Research and Development. This is the only way to guarantee continuous improvement, which is necessary to survive in this dynamic market. The company already has several divisions with a multitude of acquired knowledge over time. NUCOR can leverage on this knowledge and begin its own internal RD department. Having it internal will help reduce dependency on external partners. NUCOR’s major opportunity lies in becoming a globalized company. It can no longer depend on the American market as its only source of revenue. Lately, the demand for steel in this market has slowed down. This has affected negatively on NUCOR’s revenues and profits. However, there is a huge untapped market for steel in Asia and Africa. This is because developing nations still require a lot of steel for inf rastructure construction. NUCOR needs to take advantage of this opportunity and enter these markets. This will help it to continue on its growth path. This company has a chance to begin carrying out internal Research and Development. This is the only way to guarantee continuous improvement, which is necessary to survive in this dynamic market. The company already has several divisions with a multitude of acquired knowledge over time. NUCOR can leverage on this knowledge and begin its own internal RD department. Having it internal will help reduce dependency on external partners.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Threats NUCOR depends on the American market for its major revenues and profits. Unfortunately, this market has become flooded with cheaper imports dumped from foreign countries. Since steel is a homogenous, non-aesthetic product, customers have preferred to switch to these cheaper alternatives. Thus, NUCOR has found it difficult to compete on a global front. The US government tried to salvage steel makers by imposing sanctions and quotas. Commerce players criticized this move. NUCOR needs to find ways to compete sustainably in the global market without depending on government subsidies. Environmental agencies have become quite active in the past decade. NUCOR’s operations are energy intensive hence result in pollution. These agencies have the power to compel NUCOR to take steps to reduce its carbon emissions, which could be quite expensive. If NUCOR fails to comply with their demands, these agencies are capable of calling for boycotts of NUCOR’s products. Steel custom ers have an easy time switching suppliers. The cost of switching is almost zero. This is a threat to NUCOR because businesses are always looking for the cheaper option. If NUCOR’s customers find cheaper options, they will obviously opt to switch. This leaves the company with no source of revenue. NUCOR’s process of production is energy intensive. There has been a general increase in energy costs. This is not likely to reverse soon. This also translates into increased production costs hence increased selling price and thus reduced demand of the company’s products. Demand for steel is also cyclical. This pattern results in high steel prices during some seasons and rock bottom prices during other seasons. The final threat is substitutes. Customers are looking into materials that are lighter but as durable as steel. These alternatives are also likely to be cheaper than steel. If this trend catches on, NUCOR could soon be out of business. Corporate strategy The corpo rate strategy refers to the strategic path taken by the company as a whole in an effort to grow. NUCOR has pursued growth by acquisition, thus creating a conglomerate organization. The first successful strategic acquisition was that of Vulcraft, the joists, and girders producer. This division remained the only profitable one during the troubled ‘60s. In the early years, NUCOR purchased smaller companies in order to acquire the technology they possessed. This enabled NUCOR to maintain a position of technological leadership. In later years, NUCOR continued with these mergers and acquisitions because it was cheaper to buy than build a new plant. The strategic partnership with Japan’s Yamato Kogyo was also an essential part of the corporate strategy. It resulted in NUCOR beginning to use the mini-mill technology. NUCOR’s people are also an integral part of its corporate strategy. The company managed to keep its workers happy and non-union for the major part of its ex istence. NUCOR had an incentive pay programme in place that linked pay and productivity very directly. People knew that if they worked hard, and worked well they would be rewarded. Thus, they strived to do well. This resulted in greater productivity for the company. The people were also kept informed on the company’s performance. This helped them to have realistic expectations about pay. The organization structure also played a part in the company’s corporate strategy. Iverson maintained a ‘flat’ organization structure with few levels of management thus reduced bureaucracy. Division managers stayed in touch with their workers and headquarters avoided interfering with the activities of the divisions. Each division operated as a profit centre, managing its own income and expenses. They were required to provide contribution to corporate profits at year-end. It is difficult to point out NUCOR’s business-level strategy. This is because the corporate stra tegy allowed each division to operate in an autonomous manner provided it was profitable. Such a corporate strategy allows each division to pursue any business strategy it sees fit in its circumstances. Conclusion This case study has detailed the evolution of NUCOR from a bankrupt motor company, to one of the largest steel makers in America. The company prospered under the leadership of a great President, Ken Iverson. Iverson combined both the knowledge and skills necessary to lead such a company. It completed many acquisitions and mergers, which positioned it as a market leader. The company’s greatest strength is its people. They have continued to be productive and loyal to their employer. The greatest weakness is that NUCOR lacks a global presence. In turn, the greatest threat is the cheaper imports from lower-cost overseas producers. The government attempted to protect NUCOR and other steel producers. However, this move is not sustainable. Recommendations NUCOR should keep doing what it is doing well. The company should continue with its personnel policies that have guaranteed a motivated work force over time. The lean organization structure should also be maintained. The company should continue to avoid bureaucracy. The new CEO John Ferriola needs to prioritize internal Research and Development. This will enable the company to find cheaper and more effective production methods. Cheaper steel is the greatest competitive advantage NUCOR can have in a global market. Finally, NUCOR should enter other world markets soon. This will reduce its dependency on the volatile American market. CASE 12-SATELLITE RADIO Introduction The development of Satellite Radio began in 1991 when a venture capitalist, David Margolese invested $1 million in Robert Briskman’s company. This company had designed the unified S Band. This technology was the core of the future satellite radio. Briskman had a great idea, but lacked the funds to implement it. Margolese fell in l ove with the idea and set out to commercialize it. The idea was to provide radio services nation-wide and of high sound quality. This was in contrast to the existing analogue radio that existed locally and faded once one moved out of the locality. This new radio service required the company to put satellites into space to broadcast the signal. Before putting the satellites into space, the company had to purchase a license from the Federal Communication Commission (FCC). This license, together with the cost of satellite installation was projected to be quite high. However, Margolese believed in the idea and was willing to put in the required capital. He projected that this new radio would be operational latest by 1997. Apart from the cost, there was the question of how to convince potential customers to purchase new radios that could support the new technology. This would be difficult since almost everyone already had a radio at home and in his or her car. Secondly, cable TV companie s also provided some form of satellite radio at no cost to their subscribers. It would be challenging to convince people to subscribe to this new radio when they could get the old form free. However, the company did market research and found that customers were willing to pay for superior quality radio. The company also faced opposition from Association of National Broadcasters, which predicted that this new technology might lead to the downfall of local AM, and FM radio stations. This would lead to loss of jobs and local content that residents relied on. XM radio was the second company licensed to provide satellite radio services. External Environment The grand plans for satellite radio faced stiff competition from traditional radio. This radio was already established and relatively free. No monthly subscription was required as opposed to Satellite radio, which required users to pay. In order to counter this hurdle, both XM radio and Margolese’s company –now called Si rus Radio- entered into deals with car manufactures to install their satellite radios during manufacturing. This would force the car buyer to subscribe to satellite radio too. The second threat was internet radio. This is also free as long as the customer has an active internet connection. Unlike local AM and FM, Internet radio had the advantage of ubiquity. Users could access it anywhere in the world. Satellite radio also promised to provide service to the whole country, thus creating competition. The third threat was cable radio that came with cable television. Most Americans already subscribed to cable television. Most cable television companies provided cable radio free with the package. Those that charged did not put a high price to the radio. It was almost free too. Sirus Radio would compete with XM radio for satellite radio subscribers. There was a difference of $2.96 in their subscription fees, Sirus Radio charging the higher fee. Sirus justified this fee with the fact that it aired zero commercials on the music channels. XM radio aired a few commercials and planned to earn money from these commercials rather than charge a high subscription fee. The formats for both radio companies were almost similar, differing in very few respects. Sirus had three motor vehicle companies and XM had two motor vehicle companies as strategic partners. These companies would install their radios in their cars. Threats and challenges These companies needed to install satellites in space to broadcast their signal. Each company planned to install two satellites and have a third one on standby ready to launch in case of emergency. This project would cost Sirus and XM $1.2Billion and $1.1 Billion respectively. They were to be launched in 1999 and 2000. This means that the original timeline for launching the satellite radio was pushed forward by over two years. Margolese’s investment would not pay off as fast as he had imagined. The companies also needed to install repea ters to amplify the sound since America was full of tall buildings that interfered with its path. In addition, special studios were necessary for transmission. Infrastructure for this venture was proving to be quite expensive. Sirus and XM both delayed further in entering the market due to technological problems. Sirus had trouble with its receivers while XM had trouble with its satellites. Sirus took two years to resolve its issues while XM took one. In the end, XM launched nine months earlier than Sirus, in2001. This gave XM first mover advantage. By the end of 2002, Sirus had also launched its services. Unfortunately, XM had ten times Sirus’ customers. This trend continued over time. It was enhanced further by the fact that Sirus charged higher subscription fees than XM. The huge capital requirements meant that these companies would take longer to break even than initially projected. XM, the leading company, hoped to break-even by 2004. This was four years after the initia l launch. XM’s lead was also enhanced by the speed with which its automobile manufacturer firm partners installed XM’s radios. In contrast, Sirus’ partners took much longer to install their radios, hence slowing the growth of their customer base. This delay in launching and long time to break even took a huge toll on Sirus. The company almost went bankrupt in 2002. However, it managed to raise more capital in form of debt and equity to keep it afloat. XM radio also faced cash flow problems in 2003 and sought to raise more capital to survive. The company managed to raise an extra $475 million. This way, it was able to survive the difficult times. XM radio also has some trouble with its satellites. They are degrading faster than expected. This has reduced their useful life by seven years. This will also be an additional capital expense in 2008. The huge capital requirements meant that these companies would take longer to break even than initially projected. XM, th e leading company, hoped to break-even by 2004. This was four years after the initial launch. XM’s lead was also enhanced by the speed with which its automobile manufacturer firm partners installed XM’s radios. In contrast, Sirus’ partners took much longer to install their radios, hence slowing the growth of their customer base. This delay in launching and long time to break even took a huge toll on Sirus. The company almost went bankrupt in 2002. However, it managed to raise more capital in form of debt and equity to keep it afloat. XM radio also faced cash flow problems in 2003 and sought to raise more capital to survive. The company managed to raise an extra $475 million. This way, it was able to survive the difficult times. XM radio also has some trouble with its satellites. They are degrading faster than expected. This has reduced their useful life by seven years. This will also be an additional capital expense in 2008. Competitive Advantage Sirus and XM bo th tried to outdo each other and win more market share. Sirus spent a lot of money signing deals to access exclusive content. The company hoped this exclusive content would motivate subscribers to join its network. The most significant deal was with National Football League and it cost $188 million. Sirus hoped to recover this from increased subscriber numbers. The company also signed Howard Stern for $500 million. This exclusive content was projected to attract new subscribers. XM did not take these moves lying down. They also sought their own exclusive deals to counter. They signed a deal with Major League Basketball that gave them exclusive rights to broadcast their content. Additionally, they signed a shock jock that had previously been banned from radio. These new additions would cost subscribers some extra money. For $1.99 per month, subscribers could enjoy the channels. The deal with Major League Basketball cost the company $650 million. These two companies reduced their comp etition when they signed a deal to develop a common radio that could receive both their channels. This meant that subscribers’ switching costs between the two service providers was now quite low. Financial Performance Initially, satellite radio was projected to be launched in 1997. Unfortunately, this delayed until 2001. On launching, the operating costs were still too high and the companies were projected to break even only after 2004. This did not happen. Analysts pushed this broadcast forward to 2007 for XM radio and 2008 for Sirus Radio. The forecast predicted that in 2007, XM would earn a positive cash flow of $51.1 million while Sirus would still make a loss of $154.2. What had seemed to be a grand business idea that Margolese had planned to invest $500 million in, turned out to be a financial disaster. Over ten years after the original idea was conceived, investors were still pumping money into satellite radio with no tangible returns. This is the mark of a bad busines s idea. It is evident that neither of the two companies carried out proper market research. They were fascinated by the idea and proceeded to invest in it without doing the groundwork. Unfortunately, it failed the test of time. Satellie Radio Today Poor financial performance and inefficient operations led the two satellite radio companies to merge in 2008 to form Sirus XM radio. There was stiff opposition to this move by other stakeholders who believed that a monopoly was not in consumers’ best interests. However, consolidating operations was the only way Sirus and XM would survive. This consolidation proved successful and the new company, Sirus XM posted a profit for the first time in 2009. The company has continued to pursue growth through deals with automobile, aeroplane and boat manufacturers. Conclusion and Recommendation Satellite radio was a noble idea. However, its implementation has cost XM and Sirus much more than the returns. It is unfortunate that so much has alre ady been invested into this idea. The companies, which started out as competitors over ten years earlier, have ended up merging into one. Satellite radios are continuing to be installed in new automobiles. However, drivers are still reluctant to subscribe for this service after the trial period expires. The challenge for Sirus XM is to continue marketing and target the new, younger drivers who are more likely to adapt to the idea.

The Relationship between Portrays of Abraham and Portrayals of God in Assignment

The Relationship between Portrays of Abraham and Portrayals of God in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - Assignment Example There are three Abrahams with one covenant; this is because all the three religions view Abraham from a different perspective but the covenant in all the three religions is between God Almighty and Abraham. Christians view Abraham in terms of his faith and obedience in God, to Christians Abraham had a lot of faith and obedience in God and hence the making of the covenant. This is evident in Genesis 12:1-20 where God commands Abraham to leave his country and move to an unknown destination. The birth of Isaac shows that God keeps his promises to the righteous, faithful and those that obey him. Since Abraham was righteous even before he was circumcised, both the Jews and the Gentiles can become his descendants only when they have faith in the almighty God The Christians believe these to be the pillars that hold their religion together. Faithfulness and obedience are also evident when Abraham reaches sachem, where Yahweh pledged to Abraham that he would give Abrahams descendants that land, faithfully Abraham responded by building an altar. The Christians hold on to the faith that to both the Jews and the gentile Abraham is the â€Å"father of all those that are faithful. According to Christians believe Abraham rested has a special status in the world of the dead, Luke 23; 43 states that when the righteous die they rest in Abrahams bosom, a place believed to be paradise. Abraham being the ideal patriarch them bosom means paradise. The believers in the Christian religion believe that they should follow into Abraham’s footstep as his colossus faith and obedience in God showed them how to embrace Gods word with a universalism spirit and how to live well before God. The Muslim refers to him as Ibrahim, a man they believe to be the progenitor of Israel.  Ã‚  

Is Wind Going Green Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is Wind Going Green - Essay Example This means that wind is going green. This article will discuss how wind energy is said to be going green. Wind energy can be defined as the conversion of kinetic energy to a useful form of power. This is achieved through the use of wind turbines, windmills, and wind pumps. Compared to other energy sources, wind power has several advantages hence; it is a better alternative. Wind energy is plentiful, renewable, produces no emissions, and it is widely distributed (Walker & Jenkins, 1997). Therefore, wind power has no effects on the environment, compared to other sources of energy. By 2010, wind energy production was over 2.5% world wide. This is a growth of more than 24% per annum. Wind power generation has become a popular energy generation. However, the construction of wind farms is not universally welcomed. Of late, most of the cities in the world have started taking the initiative to go green. Nowadays, it is clearly evident that most commercial buildings have small wind turbines which are used for power generation. These buildings only use renewable sources of power that are naturally found; therefore, they are referred to as green buildings. The phrase ‘going green’ is now globally recognized as efforts aimed at protecting the depletion of the ozone layer (Rhodes, 2011). Research asserts that state investment tax credits have significantly reduced the burden of individuals who invest in wind power. This credit provided allows the wind investors to reduce their tax obligation by some part of the invested amount in a wind project. A good example of an incentive program is the Orcas Power and Light Cooperative (OPALCO) program (Walker & Jenkins, 1997). This program offers upfront payments for installation of small wind turbines. Moreover, this program has received an unusually high client participation rate. In the recent past, many states have drawn concerns about utilizing renewable energy. Small

Compare the way Shakespeare presents Hamlets Essay Example for Free

Compare the way Shakespeare presents Hamlets Essay In this play, Hamlet, Shakespeare shows us the different ways that madness can be portrayed and the various ways that others surrounding the central characters can perceive it. From the beginning it is explained that Hamlet would put an antic disposition on and this signifies that Hamlets madness would just be an act, not something that is actually true. Hamlet confides in Horatio and asks him not to look knowingly if he sees Hamlet behaving oddly by saying some doubtful phrase that might be ambiguous in its meaning. This immediately reinforces the notion that Hamlet is only play acting his apparent madness and in actual fact, is sane. Shakespeare presents Hamlets antic disposition as a means for Hamlet to bide his time and figure out how to avenge his fathers murder by a brothers hand. Hamlets madness is not meant to be seen as madness by us, but as something that has a purpose i. e. it could enable Hamlet to kill Claudius and it could be perceived by others that the killing was unintentional and was because of Hamlets madness. However, in the case of Ophelia, Shakespeare presents her form of madness as something that is real and tangible. She has a reason to be mad; her father is dead and gone. Shakespeare enforces the idea that Ophelia really is mad by having her enter in Act 4 Scene 5 distracted and singing a song about the death of her father. Ophelias madness is supported by what the gentleman says to Gertrude at the beginning of Act 4 Scene 5 about Ophelias state of mind; that she winks and nods and gestures and that her speech is nothing, yet the unshaped use of it doth move the hearers to collection. Even Laertes is appalled by Ophelias madness and wonders ist possible a young maids wits should be as mortal as an old mans life? Ophelias actions and what she says causes those around her to doubt her sanity and believe that she really is mad. There are many words that are used by the main characters to describe Hamlets madness. He describes it as his antic disposition whereas Polonius calls it lunacy and Claudius calls it distemper and a transformation. Although everyone perceives Hamlet as mad, Polonius and Claudius at one point doubted that Hamlet in actual fact was indeed mad. Claudius had Rosencrantz and Guildenstern spy on Hamlet, whilst when Polonius spoke to Hamlet he thought that though this be madness, yet there is method int. This shows that madness within Hamlet is not really madness at all, but is just an act; a performance on Hamlets part. Shakespeare adds this doubt to Hamlets madness whereas in Ophelias case there is no doubt about her state of mind to those around her. It is believed that mad people have a tendency to have suicidal feelings. In Hamlets first soliloquy, he desires that his flesh would melt and would have killed himself had not his canon gainst self-slaughter. In his first soliloquy, he says to be or not to be, that is the question-in this line, Hamlet wonders whether or not to commit suicide. These suicidal feelings beg the question had Hamlet actually gone mad? I, like many others believe that Hamlet was not mad, as even though he displayed suicidal thoughts, he did not carry those thoughts out, signifying a sane state of mind. Ophelia however ended up committing suicide by drowning herself in a lake while she chanted snatches of old lauds as one incapable of her own distress. This seems to indicate how fragile her state of mind actually was and how she was driven to madness by her fathers death and Hamlets actions. The gravediggers in Act 5 Scene 1 thought that Ophelia committed suicide and if she had not been a gentlewoman, she should have been buried out o Christian burial as suicide is considered as an unholy crime. Shakespeare seems to want to show us that Ophelia really was mad by having her act, speak and behave in a way that was not seen as normal to Elizabethan society as well as society today. It also seems that Shakespeare, maybe unwittingly, shows us that women were weak-minded individuals whereas men were the stronger sex, mentally as well as physically. Even though Hamlet is knocked with strong emotional surprises, such as finding out that his stepfather killed his father, Claudius, Hamlet still remains strong in public. This is a very sharp contrast to how Ophelia behaved when she suffered acute trauma due to the sudden death of her father. Whilst Hamlet remains strong, Ophelia transcends towards madness as her fragile state of mind had shattered. Maybe, this was the way Shakespeare viewed both sexes or maybe those were the views of Elizabethan society as a whole. Shakespeare presents Hamlets antic disposition as something very different to how Ophelias madness is presented to us. Shakespeare presents Hamlet as a strong character who has the ability to deal with emotional trauma, whereas Ophelia was portrayed as weak and symbolised what Hamlet once remarked: Frailty, thy name is woman. Shakespeare presents Hamlet and Ophelia in contrasting ways to show us the differences between an antic disposition and actual madness. By using these contrasts, Shakespeare seems to be reflecting on the attitudes and views of Elizabethan society and also seems to be offering us his definition of madness.

HIV Treatments and Reducing Drug Resistance Essay -- Biology Medical B

HIV Treatments and Reducing Drug Resistance Abstract HIV is a retrovirus that will constantly attack human’s immune system once an individual is infected and will eventually develop to AIDS, often a deadly sexually transmitted disease. Currently, there are different kinds of antiretroviral treatments available for patients who are tested to be HIV positive as well as patients with AIDS. HIV can easily develop resistance to its treatment through mutation each generation, which leads to ineffectiveness in treatment. The only way to continue to fight off HIV is to change treatment that is still available. Patients have to cooperate with experienced doctors by adhering to their professional recommendations, while doctors are responsible for closely monitoring the patient’s conditions through test results and their body’s response to treatment, as well as helping them to live healthily without serious damage to their immune system over a long period of time. Human Immunodeficiency Virus, commonly known as HIV, is the retrovirus that causes a desperate worldwide epidemic that afflicts human beings – Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, abbreviated as AIDS. When the body is infected with HIV, the immune system will respond by making antibodies to fight against this particular infection (AIDS.org, 2003). As a result, to determine whether a person is infected, a sample of blood is extracted and the test will look for antibodies fighting against HIV. This kind of blood test is known as HIV testing. Even though HIV is the actual cause of AIDS, a person who is positive in the HIV Testing does not necessarily mean that the person has AIDS (AIDS.org, 2004). When a person is infected with HIV, the virus will gradually damage the immune sys... ...s.org/factSheets/102-HIV-Testing/html AIDS.Org. (2004, August). Immune Restoration Overview. Information Fact Sheets. July 17, 2005: www.aids.org/factSheets/470-Immune-Restoration-Overview.html AIDS.Org. (2004, September). Opportunistic Infections. Information Fact Sheets. July 17, 2005: www.aids.org/factSheets/500-Opportunistic-Infections.html AIDS.Org. (2004, March). Viral Load Tests. Information Fact Sheets. July 17, 2005: www.aids.org/factSheets/125-Viral-Load-Tests.html AIDS.Org. (2003, November). What is AIDS?. Information Fact Sheets. July 17, 2005: www.aids.org/factSheets/101-What-is-AIDS.html Avert.Org. (2005, July). Continuing Antiretroviral Treatment. Continuing HIV Treatment. July 21, 2005: www.avert.org/couttrt.htm The Body. (2003, April). Living with HIV/AIDS. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. July 17, 2005: www.thebody.com/cdc/living.html

Destroy Othello Essay

Iago feels that he was passed over for a promotion to lieutenant and resents Cassio, the new lieutenant. He also harbors a potential grudge against Othello, who promoted Cassio. Iago explains to Roderigo that Cassio was appointed despite the fact that three important Venetians had asked Othello to promote Iago. Iago states â€Å"I know my price, I am worth no worse a place† (1. 1. 11), which shows that he felt that he deserved the promotion. He resents that he has fought alongside Othello several times in battle, yet Cassio a mere â€Å"counter-caster†(1. 1. 31), who has never served in battle, was made lieutenant. He holds Othello responsible for his being passed over, and mocks Othello’s race and character. Iago’s conduct reveals his malicious nature. His statement â€Å"I am not what I am† (1. 1. 65) summarizes the deceitfulness of his character. Iago suggests to the heartbroken Roderigo that he â€Å"Call up her father, / Rouse him: make after him, poison his delight, / Proclaim him in the streets† (1. 1. 67-69). This shows Iago’s vindictive nature. He suggests that Roderigo not only disturb Barbantio in the middle of the night, but that he publicly announce that Desdemona has eloped, thus subjecting Barbantio and his family to shame. While calling out to Barbantio, Iago remains in the dark and does not reveal his identity. Here, as in the rest of the play, Iago acts an instigator, hidden in the shadows, yet still managing to manipulate those around him. In speaking to Barbantio, Iago insults him, and describes the relationship of Desdemona in derogatory and pornographic terms. After doing his best to make Barbantio panic, Iago returns to Othello and pretends to be loyal. However, he instructs Roderigo to tell Barbantio exactly where Desdemona and Othello can be found. Iago’s conduct reveals his ability to control others, while they remain unaware of his influence. This is shown by the fact that he uses Roderigo to anger Barbantio, whom he uses to destroy Othello. At this point, Barbantio and Othello are oblivious to Iago’s devious nature. Iago callously betrays Othello but pretends to be loyal to him.

Machiavelli s The And Machiavellian Discourses - 1571 Words

The maintenance of a state requires the ability to act in accordance to the times. The Hobbesian and Machiavellian discourses in relation to the legitimacy of violence are distinct, nonetheless, bring forth significant arguments. Machiavelli claims that leaders ought to be good as long as the times permit, however, the leader with virtu ought to prepare to enter into evil when forced by necessity. Contrary to popular belief, Machiavelli does not endorse violence, rather he provides advice to those who wish to maintain their state or creation and in spite of the ravaging forces of time. The advice of Machiavelli is selective as it is geared to those who wish to maintain their state, not those preoccupied with salvation. In my understanding, Machiavelli advises that in order to maintain a political order, leaders ought to acquire virtu and not remain obstinate or operate with eternal principles. The Hobbesian account of the legitimacy of the use of violence is based on a notion of exc eptionalism, which is the distinctive characteristic of the sovereign. Whereas Machiavelli appeals to effects, Hobbes’ defence of the legitimacy of violence is intrinsically necessary to the notion of sovereignty. By definition, the sovereign is sovereign or exceptional to commit violence. For example, the governing laws of physics make it impossible for man to walk on water, except when the law-giver walks on water. It is in the nature of the sovereign to determine exceptions, any act ofShow MoreRelatedOrder In A Civic Society Is Kept By A Great Many Agents1733 Words   |  7 Pagesall the same? The political theorists Niccolà ² Machiavelli in The Discourses on Livy and Thomas Hobbes in Leviathan offer contrasting conclusions; the former believed obeying selfish motivation disastrous whereas the latter thought it fundamental towards maintaining the solvency of the country. The origin of their differing conclusions is found in their respective interpretations of the end a g overnment is meant to serve; to the republican Machiavelli, the government is a means to individual libertyRead MoreEssay about Machiavelli and War on Terror1100 Words   |  5 PagesIn both The Prince and The Discourses, Machiavelli presents very specific advice on how a ruler can maintain stability and control over his newly acquired state. Machiavelli lived in a time when a ruler could come to possess another kingdom through the simple act of war. Yet, in our modernity, a ruler cannot simply declare war and occupy a territory. He must also face repercussions from the other world powers that are in existence today. Our time has evolved and a ruler now has to take into considerationRead MorePower, Authority, and Accountability in Politics 1954 Words   |  8 Pagesvoting for them in the next election. (Hoffman, 2011) Niccolo Machiavelli is an important political theorist to look at while studying politics. Machiavelli was born in Florence, Italy on the Third of May 1469. Machiavelli was very interested in working in the field of politics. He held many political titles in his life. One such example is when he worked as an adviser to the Borgia family for political matters. [Wheeler, 2011] Machiavelli travelled all over Europe on diplomatic missions; here heRead More Machiavelli’s View of Human Nature Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pagessays â€Å"[they] will all think of their own interests †¦. for men will always be false †¦ unless they are compelled by necessity to be true.† (Prince, xxiii, p. 89) Beyond specific citations, there is what may be called the atmosphere of the work. Machiavelli constantly assumes that, regardless of what ought to be done, there is no reason to expect that it will be unless it accords with someone’s interests. Objectives which are not secular or this-worldly are only rarely mentioned, and those who concernRead MoreEssay about Machiavellis Reputation in the Modern World2985 Words   |  12 PagesMachiavellis Reputation in the Modern World Niccolà ² Machiavelli was known during much his life as a part of the republican government in Florence until 1512. At that time, the Medici family took over the city and ruled under a more monarchical system. From that point until his death in 1527, Machiavelli was always just on the outside of Florentine politics. He would occasionally get work from the Medici but his tasks were never as important as they had been under the republican governmentRead MoreSocrates And Niccolo Machiavelli1735 Words   |  7 PagesEssay 1: Socrates and Machiavelli Although Socrates and Niccolo Machiavelli lived in different time periods, the political climate that their philosophies were founded on were very similar. The trial of Socrates began after the Peloponnesian War when the new Spartan Tyranny took over the Athenian government. Socrates was accused of corrupting the youth and disrespecting the gods by the Spartan government. In the eyes of the Spartan government Socrates is a gadfly because of his posing of upsettingRead More Analysis of Mores The Prince and Utopia Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pageswith Raphael Nonsenso and his travels to Utopia. Niccolo Machiavelli was born in Florence, Italy in 1469 to a middleclass family. The time in which Machiavelli lived Italy as a country was not united but divide and split into little providences and republics. He latter became responsible for the Florentine militia against the Medici government and rule. When the Medici power reclaimed Florence Machiavelli was arrested for conspiracy he was tortured and then banished from FlorenceRead MoreNiccolo Machiavelli s The Prince1719 Words   |  7 PagesMachiavelli’s, The Prince, a book written by Niccolà ² Machiavelli, is a read that most people wouldn’t prefer to read as a first option but in defense to Niccolo, it brings out many themes such as Goodwill and Hatred, Free will, and Human Nature. â€Å"It is known from his personal correspondence that The Prince was written during 1513, the year after the Medici took control of Florence, and a few months after Machiavelli s arrest, torture, and banishment by the Medici regime† (Bio.com). The novel wasRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationship also shares a distrust of their wives. The overall logical argument is based on love, jealousy and betrayal between two lovers that ultimately leads to their separation because of Iago’s evil plan. I am using this article to agree with Berry s view on how Iago separates two lovers just so he can take retaliation on Othello by manipulating everyone to unmasking their true intentions. He knows how to ask the right questions and say the right thing to achieve his desired consequence such as playactingRead MoreMachiavelli Essay1825 Words   |  8 PagesMachiavelli I would rather be in hell and converse with great minds than live in paradise with that dull rabble. In his lifes writings, Niccolo Machiavelli, sought out the strength of the human character, and wrote according to his own rules; trying to better the political philosophy of his time. Machiavelli, a fiercely independent Renaissance man, advocated the prosperity of Italian politics, and wanted Italy to rise above the rest of the world. Machiavellis writings dealt with many